The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.